This paper presents an overview of research design and sampling as a sine qua non for conducting researches in the area of social and management sciences (SMS). Ineffective research design and sampling are usually the bane of successful and logical conclusion of researches with valid useful findings and inferences for decision making. The paper was motivated by the desire to provide a study and/or teaching/training materials on research design and sampling procedures in the 21st century that will be easily understood and applied by researchers, including undergraduate and postgraduate students, trainers, trainees, teachers and a wide non-specialist audience. Through intuitive and qualitative reasoning, the paper explores the conceptual, theoretical and empirical technical issues on the requirements, classification, types, methods and processes of research design and sampling. Data collected from 98 research experts and analyzed with one-way ANOVA at 5% level of significance show that researches before and during the 21st century are the same. Also SMS researches in the 21st century are usually Information and Communication Technology (ICT) driven. Technological advances need to be incorporated in the research process in order to facilitate and expedite conducting researches for the realization of objective functions. Review of research design and sampling procedure prior to implementation, exploring and application of latest computer software and adherence to specifications are advocated for timely, quality and cost effective completion of researches in the 21st century.

Managing projects with little or no scope creep could be a strategy for competitive advantage in the realization of impressive business results. This study examines and analyses strategies for effective project scope management so as to provide avenue to prevent or minimize scope creep for achieving project objectives. Exploratory and descriptive survey methods were adopted in conducting the research using primary data obtained from the NIPP contracting firms through the instrument of questionnaire modeled in Likert 5 point scale. Computer-software of one-way Analysis of variance was used for statistical test of research hypothesis. The results of the analysis infer and establish the cases of adoption and institution, of technology competence in project design with emphasis on creation and analysis of work breakdown structure to the minute details, design review and verification of scope definition with scope checklist in synergy with robust scope communication plan as effective strategies for NIPP scope management. There are needs to devise mechanisms for evaluation of design effectiveness, verification of scope definition/work breakdown structure and seamless information and communication management system.

This study was undertaken to determine the suitability of vegetable oil blends as a major source of lipid in place of fish oil in the diet of Heterobranchus longifilis fingerlings. The fish were fed one of the six diets twice daily to satiation for twelve weeks. The test diets were identical in composition, except for the source of supplemental lipid which was either fish oil (FO), palm oil (PO), soybean oil (SO), equal blend of FO and PO (FOPO), equal blend of PO and SO (POSO) or equal blend of FO, PO and SO (FOPOSO). The growth parameters were significantly different (P<0.05) among dietary treatments. However, the apparent digestibilities were not significantly different (P>0.05). Malic enzyme activities in the liver were not significantly different among dietary groups. However, the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were significantly different and over six-fold higher malic enzyme. Results indicated that FO may be replaced with either PO, SO and their blends in H. longifilis.

Quantitative theory of money appears as having the most to say about the today money - e.g. this is a genuinely and largely developed and even developing theory of economics, a theory searching for relating the money base to real economy (i.e. national product or income) plus it verifies, as its basic equation (MV = PT) on long term 1 . Despite that, there is another theoretical context putting this into a very shadow -- i.e. the polemics of money being: (a) representative, versus (b) fiat -- since this last polemics succeeds to push the quantitative theory off impartiality. In other words, the quantitative theory sees itself caught as limiting monetary base to money supply, as well as GDP to its nominal (money) value – i.e. no mention about money base itself that is the currency directly issued by the authority into the national area, as the one of validity.

The main purpose of this paper was to examine the relationship between brand reputation attitudinal loyalty and behavioral loyalty with mediating variable brand trust. Data was collected from 120 respondents. Non probability convenience sampling was used to collect the data. Structural equation modeling through AMOS 18 was applied to test the model. Results indicated a significant cause and effect relationship between brand reputation and brand trust, brand trust and attitudinal loyalty as well as brand trust and behavioral loyalty

Existing classifications of temperament, characters, personality types and ways of behaviour are the disputable issues of the present-day scientific world. The origins of the classifications rise from the ancient philosophy and medicine in China and India (VIII BCE), Greece (V BCE), Rome (II century AD), England and Germany (ХIХ century), USA and Russia (ХХ century). Tremendous amount of the classifications were worked out all over the world and not all of them withstood the test of time. The references to Hippocrates’ and Claudius Galenus’ classifications occur chiefly, which are tangential with regard to mentality and psychic setup and based on humoralism (humorism). Great empirical and experimental materials have been accumulated in scientific history without harmonious systematization in view of the absence of the integrated international system of classification that is the factor restraining the further development of typology. There were curious incidents during typology march. Fourier described three hundred characters, for instance. Unfortunately, any ordinary person could not be able to remember all these descriptions. Since then, researches, finding and admission of the optimum types became the task of paramount importance for the scientists.